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3 Ottobre 2024
Dilawari A, Buturla J, Osgood C, et al.

US Food and Drug Administration approval summary: capivasertib with fulvestrant for hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN alterations

J Clin Oncol 2024 Aug 19:JCO2400427. Epub ahead of print

Messaggi chiave

  • Nel novembre 2023 la Food and Drug Administration ha autorizzato capivasertib in combinazione con fulvestrant per il trattamento di pazienti adulti con carcinoma mammario HR+/HER2- in stadio avanzato (aBC) già sottoposti ad almeno una terapia endocrina e portatori di mutazioni a carico di PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN.
  • La decisione dell’ente regolatore si è basata sul rapporto rischio-beneficio emerso da CAPItello-291, uno studio di fase III, randomizzato, in doppio cieco, che ha valutato fulvestrant ± capivasertib in 708 pazienti con aBC HR+/HER2-, 289 dei quali erano portatori di alterazioni PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN (la cosiddetta popolazione positiva per i biomarcatori [BM+]).
  • Lo studio ha dimostrato un beneficio significativo in sopravvivenza libera da progressione (PFS) nella popolazione complessiva e in quella BM+; in quest’ultima, la PFS mediana (mPFS) è stata di 7,3 vs 3,1 mesi con capivasertib rispetto a placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0,50; IC 95%, 0,38-0,65; p <0,0001). In un’analisi esplorativa, la mPFS è risultata pari a 5,3 vs 3,7 mesi (HR, 0,79; IC 95%, 0,61-1,02) nel sottogruppo BM-, a dimostrare come il beneficio osservato nella popolazione complessiva fosse largamente attribuibile ai pazienti con positività dei biomarcatori.
  • L’incidenza di eventi avversi di grado ≥3 (soprattutto diarrea, tossicità cutanea e iperglicemia) è stata maggiore con Complessivamente, il rapporto rischio-beneficio è stato giudicato favorevole nei soli pazienti BM+, anche alla luce del miglioramento del tasso di risposta e dell’assenza di un impatto negativo sulla sopravvivenza globale osservati in questo sottogruppo.

Abstract

Purpose

  • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved capivasertib in combination with fulvestrant for adult patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, locally advanced, or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who have received at least one previous endocrine therapy and whose tumors harbor one or more phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3CA)/AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) alterations, as detected by an FDA-approved test.

Patients and methods

  • Approval was based on CAPItello-291, a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of 708 patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced or MBC, including 289 patients with PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN tumor alterations.
  • Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive capivasertib 400 mg twice daily for 4 days per week with fulvestrant versus placebo with fulvestrant.
  • Random assignment was stratified by presence of liver metastases, previous treatment with CDK4/6i, cyclin-dependent kinase four and six (CDK4/6) inhibitors, and geographical region.

Results

  • A statistically significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit was demonstrated in the overall population (hazard ratio [HR], 0.6 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.71]); this result was driven by 289 patients in the biomarker-positive population (HR, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.68]).
  • An exploratory analysis of investigator-assessed PFS in the 313 (44%) patients in the biomarker-negative population showed uncertain benefit (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.01]). With capivasertib, more patients had Grade ≥3 toxicities.
  • Key concerns included hyperglycemia (18% all-grade, 2.8% Grade ≥3), cutaneous toxicity (58% all-grade, 17% Grade ≥3), and diarrhea (72% all-grade, 9% Grade ≥3).

Conclusion

  • Capivasertib with fulvestrant was approved for patients whose tumors harbored PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN
  • Benefit-risk assessment in this subgroup was favorable based on a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS in the context of an acceptable safety profile including no evidence of a potential detriment in overall survival.
  • By contrast, the benefit-risk was unfavorable in the biomarker-negative population.
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