TOPIC:
9 Dicembre 2024
Brufsky A, Kwan ML, Sandin R, et al.

Trends in HR+ metastatic breast cancer survival before and after CDK4/6 inhibitor introduction in the United States: a SEER registry analysis of patients with HER2- and HER2+ metastatic breast cancer

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024;208(2):223-235

Messaggi chiave

  • È stato condotto uno studio retrospettivo basato sui dati del registro SEER per confrontare la sopravvivenza specifica per carcinoma mammario (BCSS) in pazienti con diagnosi di BC metastatico (mBC) HR+/HER2- de novo ricevuta prima (dal 2010 al 2013, con follow-up fino al 2014) e dopo (dal 2015 al 2018, con follow-up fino al 2019) la pubblicazione delle linee guida 2015 relative all’uso dei CDK4/6 inibitori (CDK4/6i).
  • L’analisi ha incluso i dati di 11.467 donne con mBC HR+/HER2- e 3260 donne con mBC HR+/HER2+. Dopo aggiustamento per le caratteristiche basali, le pazienti con diagnosi di mBC HR+/HER2- ricevuta dopo il 2015 (n = 6163) hanno mostrato una riduzione del 10% circa del rischio di decesso per BC rispetto alle pazienti con diagnosi formulata prima del 2015 (n = 5304; hazard ratio, 0,895; p <0,0001). Viceversa, non è emersa alcuna variazione significativa negli esiti di BCSS HR+/HER2+ in base al momento della diagnosi.
  • Utilizzando uno dei più ampi registri oncologici longitudinali disponibili, gli autori del presente lavoro hanno dimostrato miglioramenti significativi della BCSS nelle donne con diagnosi di mBC HR+/HER2- ricevuta dopo il 2015, potenzialmente ascrivibili all’introduzione dei CDK4/6i. Non è stata invece osservata alcuna variazione significativa negli esiti di sopravvivenza delle pazienti con malattia HR+/HER2+ tra prima e dopo il 2015, presumibilmente per via della disponibilità di terapie anti-HER2 in entrambi i periodi.

Abstract

Purpose

  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have improved patient survival in hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in clinical trials and real-world studies.
  • However, investigations of survival gains in broader HR+/HER2- mBC populations using epidemiological approaches are limited.

Methods

  • This retrospective study used SEER registry data to assess breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in patients diagnosed with HR+/HER2- de novo mBC from 2010 to 2019.
  • Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare BCSS in patients diagnosed before (2010‒2013 with follow-up to 2014) and after (2015‒2018 with follow-up to 2019) the 2015 guideline recommendations for CDK4/6i use.
  • A comparison was made to patients with HR+/HER2-positive (HER2+) de novo mBC, for which no major guideline changes occurred during 2015-2018.

Results

  • Data from 11,467 women with HR+/HER2- mBC and 3260 women with HR+/HER2+ mBC were included.
  • After baseline characteristic adjustment, patients with HR+/HER2- mBC diagnosed post-2015 (n = 6163), had an approximately 10% reduction in risk of BC-specific death compared with patients diagnosed pre-2015 (n = 5304; HR = 0.895, p <0.0001).
  • Conversely, no significant change was observed in HR+/HER2+ BCSS post-2015 (n = 1798) versus pre-2015 (n = 1462).
  • Similar results were found in patients aged ≥65 years.

Conclusions

  • Using one of the largest US population-based longitudinal cancer databases, significant improvements in BCSS were noted in patients with HR+/HER2- mBC post-2015 versus pre-2015, potentially due to the introduction of CDK4/6i post-2015.
  • No significant improvement in BCSS was observed in patients with HR+/HER2+ mBC post-2015 versus pre-2015, likely due to the availability of HER2-directed therapies in both time periods.
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