TOPIC:
13 Maggio 2024
Williams AD, Ruth K, Shaikh SS, et al.

Should patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer and one or two positive sentinel nodes undergo axillary dissection to determine candidacy for adjuvant abemaciclib?

Cancer 2024;130(7):1052-1060

Messaggi chiave

  • monarchE ha dimostrato il beneficio in sopravvivenza dell’aggiunta di abemaciclib all’endocrinoterapia adiuvante nel carcinoma mammario precoce (eBC) HR+/HER2- ad alto rischio, definito come presenza di ≥4 linfonodi positivi (+LN) o 1-3 +LN con almeno una caratteristica di alto rischio (HRF) aggiuntiva. Partendo da questa premessa, è stato condotto uno studio volto a valutare la percentuale di pazienti con 1-2 LN sentinella positivi (+SLN), senza HRF e con ≥4 +LN alla dissezione ascellare completa (cALND).
  • Utilizzando il National Cancer Database, sono state identificate 1578 pazienti con eBC HR+/HER2- che presentavano 1-2 +SLN senza HRF dopo chirurgia upfront e sono state sottoposte a cALND nel periodo 2008-2019. La percentuale di pazienti con ≥4 +LN è risultata pari al 13%. Dopo stratificazione per il numero di +SLN, il 10% delle donne con 1 +SLN e il 24% di quelle con 2 +SLN ha soddisfatto i criteri di idoneità al trattamento con abemaciclib.
  • Gli autori concludono che, in presenza di un solo +SLN, non è opportuno procedere alla dissezione ascellare al solo scopo di definire l’eleggibilità ad abemaciclib; viceversa, per le pazienti con due +SLN, viene raccomandata una discussione multidisciplinare con valutazione individualizzata del rapporto rischio/beneficio per decidere la strategia più appropriata.

Abstract

Background

  • The monarchE trial demonstrated improved outcomes with the use of adjuvant abemaciclib in patients with high-risk hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer defined as ≥4 positive lymph nodes (+LNs) or one to three +LNs with one or more additional high-risk features (HRFs).
  • The proportion of patients with one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes (+SLNs) without HRFs who had ≥4 +LNs at the time of completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND), and who therefore qualified for receipt of abemaciclib, was investigated.

Methods

  • Females with pathologically node-positive nonmetastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer stratified by the number of +SLNs and +LNs and the presence of one or more HRFs were identified from the National Cancer Database (2018-2019).
  • The proportion of patients meeting the criteria for abemaciclib both before and after ALND was assessed.

Results

  • Of the 22,048 patients identified, 1578 patients underwent upfront surgery, had one or two +SLNs without HRFs, and went on to cALND.
  • Only 213 (13%) of these patients had ≥4 +LNs; thus, cALND performed solely to determine abemaciclib candidacy would have constituted surgical overtreatment in 1365 patients (87%).
  • When stratified by the number of +SLNs, only 10% of those with one +SLN and 24% of those with two +SLNs had ≥4 +LNs after cALND, which meets the criteria for abemaciclib.

Conclusions

  • Patients with one +SLN without HRFs are unlikely to have ≥4 +LNs and should not be subjected to the morbidity of ALND in order to inform candidacy for abemaciclib.
  • An individualized multidisciplinary discussion should be undertaken about the risk:benefit ratio of ALND and abemaciclib for those with two +SLNs.
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