TOPIC:
1 Agosto 2024
Chung HC, Saada-Bouzid E, Longo F, et al.

Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab for patients with previously treated, advanced, triple-negative breast cancer: results from the triple-negative breast cancer cohort of the phase 2 LEAP-005 study

Cancer 2024 Jun 21. Epub ahead of print

Messaggi chiave

  • Lo studio di fase II LEAP-005 ha valutato l’attività antitumorale e il profilo di sicurezza di lenvatinib + pembrolizumab in pazienti con vari tipi di tumori solidi in stadio avanzato. Vengono qui riportati i risultati relativi alla coorte con carcinoma mammario triplo negativo (TNBC), comprensiva di 31 pazienti con TNBC metastatico o non resecabile in progressione dopo una o due linee di trattamento.
  • Il tasso di risposta obiettiva (ORR) in base alla valutazione dello sperimentatore è risultato pari al 23%. La revisione centrale indipendente in cieco ha fornito un ORR del 32%, con tassi di risposta del 50 e 27% in presenza di un punteggio combinato positivo di PD-L1 ≥10 e <10, rispettivamente. La durata mediana della risposta è stata di 12,1 mesi. Le mediane di sopravvivenza libera da progressione e sopravvivenza globale sono state di 5,1 e 11,4 mesi. Eventi avversi correlati al trattamento (TRAE) si sono verificati nel 94% delle pazienti (grado 3, 52%; grado 4, 0%). Una paziente è deceduta a causa di un TRAE di emorragia subaracnoidea.
  • La combinazione di lenvatinib + pembrolizumab appare dotata di una discreta attività antitumorale – con un beneficio duraturo e un profilo di sicurezza gestibile – in pazienti con TNBC avanzato pesantemente pretrattate. I risultati di questo studio vanno ad aggiungersi alla crescente mole di dati a supporto dell’uso di combinazioni immunoterapiche chemotherapy-free nel carcinoma mammario triplo negativo.

Abstract

Background

  • Novel treatments are needed for patients with advanced, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that progresses or recurs after first-line treatment with chemotherapy.
  • The authors report results from the TNBC cohort of the multicohort, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 LEAP-005 study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03797326).

Methods

  • Eligible patients had metastatic or unresectable TNBC with disease progression after one or two lines of therapy.
  • Patients received lenvatinib (20 mg daily) plus pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks; up to 35 cycles).
  • The primary end points were the objective response rate according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, and safety (adverse events graded by the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0).
  • Duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were secondary end points.

Results

  • Thirty-one patients were enrolled. The objective response rate by investigator assessment was 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10-41%).
  • Overall, the objective response rate by blinded independent central review (BICR) was 32% (95% CI, 17-51%); and, in patients who had programmed cell death ligand 1 combined positive scores ≥10 (n = 8) and <10 (n = 22), the objective response rate was 50% (95% CI, 16-84%) and 27% (95% CI, 11-50%), respectively.
  • The median duration of response by BICR was 12.1 months (range, from 3.0+ to 37.9+ months).
  • The median progression-free survival by BICR was 5.1 months (95% CI, 1.9-11.8 months) and the median overall survival was 11.4 months (95% CI, 4.1-21.7 months).
  • Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 94% of patients (grade 3, 52%; grade 4, 0%). One patient died due to a treatment-related adverse event of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusions

  • The combination of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab demonstrated antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile in patients with previously treated, advanced TNBC.
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